Updating Your Devices

Travelers are advised to ensure their laptops and smartphones are running the latest operating system updates prior to crossing U.S. borders. This preventative measure can minimize the risk of unauthorized access using specialized tools like Cellebrite and GrayKey, which exploit vulnerabilities found in outdated systems. According to Wessler, if your operating system is significantly outdated, your device could be more susceptible to breaches.

Protecting Your Passwords

When it comes to password protection, American citizens have the right to refuse to disclose passwords for social media or encrypted devices, as established by the ACLU. Standing firm may lead to detainment and confiscation of your devices, which could be examined for months without compromising your privacy. Wessler emphasizes, “They can seize your device, even for months while they try to break into it, but you’re going to get home.” This protection extends to green card holders as well.

However, it’s crucial to understand that refusing to provide access can result in lengthy periods of detention. Certain U.S. airports and states have implemented restrictions on CBP’s access to devices, though adherence to these rules by border agents may vary. The CBP categorizes its device inspections into two types: basic inspections involve manual content reviews, while advanced searches utilize external tools to analyze device contents, typically requiring a warranted suspicion of criminal activity.

The CBP states that if a device cannot be inspected due to password protection or encryption, it may be subjected to additional action, including exclusion from entry.

Non-U.S. citizens face a stricter choice at the border: sharing a passcode may risk their data privacy, but refusal could lead to denial of entry. “There’s a very practical assessment people have to make about what’s most important to them,” Wessler notes.

Minimizing Your Data Exposure

The most effective strategy for protecting sensitive information while traveling is to limit what you carry. Wessler advises creating travel-specific devices that contain minimal personal data and avoiding logging into personal accounts from these devices. When necessary to create linked accounts, such as Apple IDs, it is advisable to set them up with unique credentials.

While social media accounts can be challenging to sidestep, some experts recommend constructing alternative profiles to present during inspections. However, if customs officials connect your identity to a concealed account, it could lead to longer detentions or, for non-citizens, potential denial of entry.