Chinese universities are recognized for their leadership in applied sciences, including areas such as agricultural research and materials science. However, the unique research and development environment in China presents challenges to marine scientists, according to Neil Loneragan, chairman of the Asian Fisheries Association. He notes that researchers often face dual pressures from academic institutions and government entities, complicating their ability to pursue basic scientific inquiries.
Loneragan emphasizes that while marine biologists seek to understand fundamental issues, they must also demonstrate the economic benefits of their research to industry and the government. This dual focus can hinder the exploration of more theoretical questions in marine science.
One area of concern is the lifecycle of fish raised in captivity. Research highlights problems such as low reproductive rates and high mortality among young fish released into the ocean. These fish are particularly susceptible to environmental changes, including recent storms and heatwaves.
To address this, researcher Zhongxin Wu is experimenting with innovative approaches aimed at enhancing the fitness of fish before their release. Traditional methods of releasing fish involve placing them in oxygenated bags, which may not adequately prepare them for survival in the wild. Wu’s team is developing “wild training” methods, including conditioning young fish to swim against currents and adjusting them to varying water temperatures. This training is intended to help fish adapt better to their natural habitats.
Wu also notes that improving marine environments holds significant potential for successful marine ranching. Current practices involve deploying precast concrete structures underwater to create artificial reefs that support coral and algae growth. In areas like Wuzhizhou Island, the introduction of thousands of these reef structures has led to a tenfold increase in fish populations over the past decade. This approach signals a promising direction for enhancing marine biodiversity while supporting sustainable fish farming practices.