Immune Amnesia: A Significant Risk Factor

Measles is not just a common childhood illness; it poses serious risks to the immune system. The condition known as immune amnesia can render individuals vulnerable to other infections for several weeks or even months following recovery. Research indicates that full immune recovery can take between two to three years after a measles infection.

Dr. Donnelly highlights the virus’s immunosuppressive nature, stating, “The measles virus is strongly immunosuppressive, meaning that it will interfere with the normal function of many white cells in the body that fight against other infections.”

Common Complications: Pneumonia and Encephalitis

One major infection that can arise as a complication of measles is bacterial pneumonia. This serious condition leads to inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs, with approximately one in five measles cases resulting in hospitalization. In the U.S., one in 20 affected will develop pneumonia, underlining the severity of the situation. Patients with pneumonia often require supplemental oxygen or even mechanical ventilation.

“Pneumonia is the most common cause of death for measles in young children,” notes Dr. Edith Bracho-Sanchez, a pediatrician at Columbia University.

Understanding Encephalitis

Another severe complication is encephalitis, characterized by inflammation of the brain. This can occur either during the infection if the virus reaches the brain, or afterward due to an excessive immune response. The condition affects about one in 1,000 children with measles, leading to complications such as convulsions, and in rare cases, can result in deafness or intellectual disabilities.

The Role of Vaccination

The most effective protection against measles and its potential complications is achieved through vaccination. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine provides significant immunity; one dose is approximately 93% effective, while two doses increase effectiveness to 97%. The first dose is generally administered to children aged 12 to 15 months, with a follow-up dose recommended between ages four and six.

Treatment Considerations

Currently, there are no antiviral treatments available for measles. While vitamin A is often provided to those infected—given its role in combating deficiencies—it does not cure the virus itself. Dr. Bracho-Sanchez states, “The infection itself can deplete levels of vitamin A in the body.” Both the World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend administering two doses of vitamin A to hospitalized children to mitigate serious complications from vitamin A deficiency.

Alternative treatments, such as cod liver oil, have been suggested by some. Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy Jr. indicated it shows “very, very good results” in measles patients. However, health experts warn against excessive intake due to high levels of vitamin A that could lead to toxicity.

Maintaining Adequate Vitamin A Levels

For optimal health, Dr. Bracho-Sanchez emphasizes the importance of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables to ensure sufficient vitamin A levels. Nonetheless, she maintains that vaccination remains the best defense against measles.