China-EU Relations: An Overview of Current Diplomatic Dynamics
In an unexpected diplomatic twist, Chinese President Xi Jinping has declined a preliminary invitation to attend a major summit in Brussels marking the 50th anniversary of EU-China diplomatic relations. Instead, China plans to send Premier Li Qiang to represent the nation at this significant occasion, raising concerns within EU circles about the sincerity of China’s recent diplomatic overtures.
Summit Details and Historical Context
Traditionally, the hosting of EU-China summits alternates between Brussels and Beijing, with the attendance of either the Premier in Brussels or the President in Beijing. Given the importance of commemorating five decades of diplomatic engagement, EU officials have expressed disappointment that the Chinese President is not attending this milestone summit, revealing underlying tensions in the relationship.
Current Tensions and Trade Frictions
The relationship between the EU and China has significantly strained since the onset of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The EU has accused China of tacitly supporting Russia, while also introducing tariffs on Chinese electric vehicle imports, citing concerns over state subsidies that distort competition. As a result, the EU noted a trade deficit of €304.5 billion with China in the previous year, highlighting the need for China to address trade imbalances by reducing subsidies and lowering barriers for foreign companies.
A senior EU diplomat characterized the state of relations as “on ice,” indicating that while there has been a change in tone, there is little expectation for substantive shifts in policy on either side. “Their policy is not going to change and the same is true for us,” the diplomat noted.
China’s Diplomatic Strategy
From Beijing, Lu Shaye, the former ambassador to France now serving as China’s special representative for European affairs, emphasized that China has consistently advocated for “peace, friendship, cooperation, and mutual benefit” in its dealings with Europe. However, he acknowledged that contrasting U.S. policies towards Europe may cast China’s approach in a more favorable light. He also urged Europe to recognize this difference as an opportunity.
Opportunities Amidst Friction
Despite the challenges, there are indications of renewed diplomatic engagement. One EU diplomat noted a potential Chinese “charm offensive,” with suggestions that China is willing to include Europe in negotiations concerning peace talks in Ukraine. This contrasts with a previously heightened focus on trade tensions, which, while still existent, are reportedly receiving less emphasis recently.
Upcoming diplomatic visits suggest a willingness to explore further cooperation. EU trade chief Maroš Šefčovič is scheduled to visit China soon, while discussions about potential opportunities in the economic partnership continue. Spanish Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares urged the EU to capitalize on opportunities with China, stating, “When China can be a partner — let’s take advantage of that.”
EU’s Stance on Trade and Tariffs
The EU’s trade policies have also adapted in response to broader geopolitical issues. Responding to U.S. tariffs imposed by former President Trump on steel and aluminum, the EU has focused on defensive measures against Chinese exports perceived to benefit from such tariffs. Recently, the EU initiated an anti-dumping investigation against Chinese exports of adipic acid, marking the 11th case opened against Chinese goods since last October.
Looking Forward
As informal discussions about the EU-China summit continue, the quantum of representation remains a point of contention. Chinese officials have so far been reticent to comment on these preparations. The trajectory of EU-China relations will likely depend on the outcomes of upcoming engagements and efforts to address trade tensions head-on.
